PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL, MOTIVASI KERJA, DAN WORK-LIFE BALANCE TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN : PERAN MEDIASI EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT
Abstract
Penelitian ini dirancang untuk menganalisis dan menguji secara empiris pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional, motivasi kerja, dan work-life balance terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan employee engagement sebagai variabel mediasi. Fenomena rendahnya kinerja karyawan di berbagai sektor industri mendorong perlunya kajian mendalam mengenai faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi efektivitas sumber daya manusia dalam organisasi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain survei. Populasi penelitian adalah karyawan tetap yang bekerja pada perusahaan jasa keuangan di Kota Palembang. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 215 orang. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner berbasis skala Likert dengan lima poin penilaian. Validasi instrumen dilakukan melalui uji validitas konstruk dan uji reliabilitas menggunakan koefisien Cronbach Alpha. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode Structural Equation Modeling berbasis Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM) menggunakan perangkat lunak SmartPLS 4.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) kepemimpinan transformasional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap employee engagement (koefisien path = 0,412; p < 0,01); (2) motivasi kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap employee engagement (koefisien path = 0,338; p < 0,01); (3) work-life balance berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap employee engagement (koefisien path = 0,279; p < 0,05); (4) employee engagement berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan (koefisien path = 0,461; p < 0,001); (5) kepemimpinan transformasional, motivasi kerja, dan work-life balance masing-masing berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan baik secara langsung maupun melalui mediasi employee engagement. Temuan penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi teoritis dan praktis bagi pengembangan manajemen sumber daya manusia, khususnya dalam merancang strategi peningkatan kinerja yang terintegrasi dan berkelanjutan.
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