THE INFLUENCE OF SELF-CONTROL, OVERCONFIDENCE & FINANCIAL LITERACY ON INVESTMENT DECISIONS OF HIGH RISK ASSETS AMONG THE MILLENNIAL GENERATION AND GENERATION Z

  • Yandi Suprapto Universitas Internasional Batam
  • Joycelyn Universitas Internasional Batam
  • Wisnu Yuwono Universitas Internasional Batam
Abstract views: 21 , PDF downloads: 13
Keywords: Financial literacy, overconfidence bias, self-control, risk tolerance, investment decisions.

Abstract

This research is aimed to perform an investigation regarding the capability of financial literacy, including overconfidence bias and self-control proceed a significant influence on shaping Gen Z and Millennials’ decision to invest. Furthermore, the research also examines how risk tolerance mediating role in the relationship between independent-dependent variables. By employing quantitative approach, utilizing PLS-SEM modelling, the research gained data which is derived from 168 active investors in the capital market of Indonesia. The findings shown the significant influence of financial literacy, self-control, and overconfidence in shaping risk tolerance, which also turns out as a bridge towards the decision of individuals to invest. In this context, financial literacy highly encourages higher overconfidence distorts the perception of risk, well-examined risk taking, and self-control which able to foster such impulsive actions, which further shape the decisions of investment choices. The findings also offers such major insights regarding young investors’ behaviour in the capital market and underlines the requirement to utilize an effective and well-targeted financial education and training of behavioural finance. Those results might be applicable for further literatures looking forward in the development of these theoretical models for further financial professionals, purposed in showing more support to client in investigating the emerging landscape of investment.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adielyani, D., & Mawardi, W. (2020). The influence of overconfidence, herding behavior, and risk tolerance on stock investment decisions: The empirical study of millennial investors in Semarang City. Jurnal Maksipreneur: Manajemen, Koperasi, Dan Entrepreneurship, 10(1), 89-101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30588/jmp.v10i1.691

Adil, M., Singh, Y., & Ansari, M. S. (2022). How financial literacy moderate the association between behaviour biases and investment decision? Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 7(1), 17–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-09-2020-0086

Ahmad, M., & Shah, S. Z. A. (2020). Overconfidence heuristic-driven bias in investment decision-making and performance: mediating effects of risk perception and moderating effects of financial literacy. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 38(1), 60–90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-07-2020-0116

Almansour, B. Y., Elkrghli, S., & Almansour, A. Y. (2023). Behavioral finance factors and investment decisions: A mediating role of risk perception. Cogent Economics & Finance, 11(2), 2239032. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2239032

Aren, S., & Nayman Hamamci, H. (2023). Evaluation of investment preference with phantasy, emotional intelligence, confidence, trust, financial literacy and risk preference. Kybernetes, 52(12), 6203–6231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/K-01-2022-0014

Asad, H., Toqeer, I., & Mahmood, K. (2022). A qualitative phenomenological exploration of social mood and investors’ risk tolerance in an emerging economy. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 14(1), 189–211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-01-2021-0006

Azizah, U. S. Al, & Mulyono, H. (2020). Dataset on determinants of intention and investment behaviour amongst young Indonesian millennials. Data in Brief, 32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106083 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106083

Bai, R. (2023). Impact of financial literacy, mental budgeting and self control on financial wellbeing: Mediating impact of investment decision making. Plos One, 18(11), e0294466. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294466

Baker, H. K., Kumar, S., Goyal, N., & Gaur, V. (2019). How financial literacy and demographic variables relate to behavioral biases. Managerial Finance, 45(1), 124–146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-01-2018-0003

Bayar, Y., Sezgin, H. F., Öztürk, Ö. F., & cSacsmaz, M. Ü. (2020). Financial literacy and financial risk tolerance of individual investors: Multinomial logistic regression approach. Sage Open, 10(3), 2158244020945717. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020945717

Bermúdez, J. P. (2021). The skill of self-control. Synthese, 199(3), 6251–6273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-021-03068-w

Candy, C., & Delfina, D. (2023). CEO Narcissism and CEO Overconfidence on Firm Performance: The Role of Capital Structure as Mediating Variable. Jurnal Keuangan dan Perbankan, 27(2), 220-230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v27i2.9767

CNBC Indonesia. (2023). Investor Gen-Z Dominasi Pasar Modal, Komposisi Nyaris 60%. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20230810163535-17-461956/investor-gen-z-dominasi-pasar-modal-komposisi-nyaris-60

Covey, C. (2022). Impact of Risk Perception and Risk Tolerance on Investment Portfolio Decisions.

Fauzi, M. A. (2022). Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) in Knowledge Management Studies: Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Communities. Knowledge Management & E-Learning, 14(1), 103–124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2022.14.007

Fong, J. H., Koh, B. S. K., Mitchell, O. S., & Rohwedder, S. (2021). Financial literacy and financial decision-making at older ages. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 65, 101481. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2020.101481

Hashmi, F., Aftab, H., Martins, J. M., Nuno Mata, M., Qureshi, H. A., Abreu, A., & Mata, P. N. (2021). The role of self-esteem, optimism, deliberative thinking and self-control in shaping the financial behavior and financial well-being of young adults. Plos One, 16(9), e0256649. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256649

Hemrajani, P., Rajni, & Dhiman, R. (2024). Retail investors’ financial risk tolerance and risk-taking behaviour: The role of psychological factors. FIIB Business Review, 13(1), 87–105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/23197145211058274

Hennecke, M., & Bürgler, S. (2023). Metacognition and self-control: An integrative framework. Psychological Review, 130(5), 1262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000406

Kasoga, P. S., & Tegambwage, A. G. (2022). Psychological traits and investment decisions: the mediation mechanism of financial management behavior--evidence from the Tanzanian stock market. Journal of Money and Business, 2(2), 213–227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JMB-05-2022-0028

Kumar, S., & Chaurasia, A. (2024). The relationship between emotional biases and investment decisions: a meta-analysis. IIMT Journal of Management. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IIMTJM-03-2024-0034

Liu, B., Wang, J., Chan, K. C., & Fung, A. (2021). The impact of entrepreneurs’s financial literacy on innovation within small and medium-sized enterprises. International Small Business Journal, 39(3), 228–246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242620959073

Lontchi, C. B., Yang, B., & Su, Y. (2022). The mediating effect of financial literacy and the moderating role of social capital in the relationship between financial inclusion and sustainable development in Cameroon. Sustainability, 14(22), 15093. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215093

Lu, Z., Li, H., & Wu, J. (2024). Exploring the impact of financial literacy on predicting credit default among farmers: An analysis using a hybrid machine learning model. Borsa Istanbul Review, 24(2), 352–362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2024.01.006

Lusardi, A. (2019). Financial literacy and the need for financial education: evidence and implications. Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics, 155(1), 1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41937-019-0027-5

Maheshwari, H., Samantaray, A. K., Panigrahi, R. R., & Jena, L. K. (2024). Financial literacy in predicting investment decisions: do attitude and overconfidence influence? International Journal of Social Economics. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-05-2023-0370

Mardikaningsih, R., & Darmawan, D. (2023). Analysis of Financial Literacy and Risk Tolerance on Student Decisions to Invest. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 3(2), 7–12.

Marheni, D. K., Jenny, J., Agustin, I. N., & others. (2023). Cryptocurrency decision analysis as an instrument in modern financial markets through investment intention. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Pemasaran Jasa, 16(2), 237–254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25105/jmpj.v16i2.17476

Marwan, M., & Sedeek, D. S. (2020). Managerial behavior and capital structure decisions; do overconfidence, optimism and risk aversion matter? Asian Economic and Financial Review, 8(7), 925–945. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2018.87.925.945

Molina-Garc’ia, A., Cisneros-Ruiz, A. J., López-Subires, M. D., & Diéguez-Soto, J. (2023). How does financial literacy influence undergraduates’ risk-taking propensity? The International Journal of Management Education, 21(3), 100840. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2023.100840

Pangestu, S., & Karnadi, E. B. (2020). The effects of financial literacy and materialism on the savings decision of generation Z Indonesians. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1743618. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1743618

Phan, T. C., Rieger, M. O., & Wang, M. (2022). What leads to overtrading and under-diversification? Survey evidence from retail investors in an emerging market. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 19, 39–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2018.04.001

Pinjisakikool, T. (2021). The influence of personality traits on households’ financial risk tolerance and financial behaviour. Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics, 30(1), 32–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0260107917731034

Purwanto, A., & Sudargini, Y. (2021). Partial least squares structural squation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis for social and management research: a literature review. Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research, 2(4), 114–123.

Rao, A. S., & Lakkol, S. G. (2024). Influence of personality, biases on financial risk tolerance among retail investors in India. Investment Management & Financial Innovations, 21(3), 248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21511/imfi.21(3).2024.21

Raut, R. K. (2020). Past behaviour, financial literacy and investment decision-making process of individual investors. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 15(6), 1243–1263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-07-2018-0379

Rizani, A. A., Hendrawaty, E., & others. (2024). Theory of Planned Behavior: The Effect of Financial Literacy and Risk Tolerance on Investment Intention. Journal of Business and Management Review, 5(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.47153/jbmr52.8822024

Rodiana, R. (2020). Analysis of investment interests, motivation, social environment, financial literacy (comparative study of generation z and millennial generation). International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 22(1), 111-121.

Samanez-Larkin, G., Mottola, G., Heflin, D., Yu, L., & Boyle, P. (2020). Overconfidence in financial knowledge associated with financial risk tolerance in older adults. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/p5gec

Sekścińska, K., Rudzinska-Wojciechowska, J., & Jaworska, D. (2021). Self-control and financial risk taking. Journal of Economic Psychology, 85, 102386. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2021.102386

She, L., Rasiah, R., Weissmann, M. A., & Kaur, H. (2024). Using the theory of planned behaviour to explore predictors of financial behaviour among working adults in Malaysia. FIIB Business Review, 13(1), 118–135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/23197145231169336

Singh, D., Malik, G., Jain, P., & Abouraia, M. (2024). A systematic review and research agenda on the causes and consequences of financial overconfidence. Cogent Economics & Finance, 12(1), 2348543. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2024.2348543

Singh, Y., Adil, M., & Haque, S. M. I. (2023). Personality traits and behaviour biases: the moderating role of risk-tolerance. Quality & Quantity, 57(4), 3549–3573. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-022-01516-4

Suprapto, Y. (2023). Does board gender diversity affect financial distress. Matrik: Jurnal Manajemen, Strategi Bisnis, dan Kewirausahaan, 17(2), 109-112.

Tran Viet, L., & Phan Thanh, H. (2023). The mediating effect of knowledge of the investment protection act on investment decision-making in an emerging country. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2225936 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2225936

Wang, Y., Shen, C., Bartsch, K., & Zuo, J. (2021). Exploring the trade-off between benefit and risk perception of NIMBY facility: A social cognitive theory model. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 87, 106555. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2021.106555

Yang, M., Al Mamun, A., Mohiuddin, M., Ali Al-Shami, S. S., & Zainol, N. R. (2021). Predicting stock market investment intention and behavior among malaysian working adults using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Mathematics, 9(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/math9080873 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/math9080873

Yulianis, N., & Sulistyowati, E. (2021). The effect of financial literacy, overconfidence, and risk tolerance on investment decision. Journal of Economics, Business, and Government Challenges, 4(01), 61-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33005/ebgc.v4i1.172

Yuwono, W., Ramadhani, D. S., Sasmita, E. W., & Sihotang, W. H. (2023). Analysis of the influence of the role of financial literacy on personal financial management. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 8(3), 57-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2023.8.3.1891

Zahwa, A. F. N., & Soekarno, S. (2023). The influence of financial literacy, risk tolerance, and demographic factors on investment decision among generation Z and millennial in greater Jakarta and greater Bandung. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 6(06), 3517-3527. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/V6-i6-44

PlumX Metrics

Published
2025-12-16
How to Cite
Suprapto, Y., Joycelyn, & Wisnu Yuwono. (2025). THE INFLUENCE OF SELF-CONTROL, OVERCONFIDENCE & FINANCIAL LITERACY ON INVESTMENT DECISIONS OF HIGH RISK ASSETS AMONG THE MILLENNIAL GENERATION AND GENERATION Z . JMD : Jurnal Riset Manajemen & Bisnis Dewantara, 8(2), 83-100. https://doi.org/10.26533/jmd.v8i2.1445