GAMBARAN UMUM KONDISI PEKERJA ONLINE DI JABODETABEK
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Keywords:
Tuntutan kerja, Kepuasan kerja, Kelelahan kerja, Keterikatan karyawan, Pekerja online, Jabodetabek
Abstract
Kondisi pandemi Covid-19 membuat perubahan pada kehidupan masyarakat, termasuk dalam hal bekerja. Model bekerja yang awalnya dilakukan secara konvensional berubah menjadi kombinasi online (bekerja dari rumah) dan bekerja dari kantor, bahkan ada yang full online. Perubahan ini menuntut meningkatkan kemampuan (soft skill dan hard skill) serta berpengaruh terhadap psikologis seseorang baik dari segi kepuasan kerja, kelelahan kerja, dan rasa keterikatan karyawan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh tuntutan kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja dan keterikatan karyawan dengan menyisipkan variabel kelelahan kerja sebagai mediasi. Penelitian yang dilakukan bersifat kuantitatif dengan menyebarkan kuesioner secara purposive terhadap 100 responden yang bekerja secara online di daerah Jabodetabek. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa tuntutan kerja memiliki pengaruh negatif dan signifikan pada kepuasan kerja. Tuntutan kerja ini memiliki pengaruh negatif dan signifikan pada keterikatan karyawan. Kelelehan kerja mampu memediasi hubungan antara tuntutan kerja dengan keterikatan karyawan. Namun, kelelahan kerja tidak dapat memediasi hubungan antara tuntutan kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja.
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Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology. Vol. 21 No. 7, 2006 pp. 600-619.
Sahaduta, B. Y., & Noermijati. (2012). Pengaruh Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) dan Work Overload Terhadap Job Stress Pada Karyawan PT. Bahari Utama Karya. Jurnal ekonomi.
Scanlan, J. N., & Still, M. (2019). Relationships between burnout, turnover intention, job satisfaction, job demands and job resources for mental health personnel in an Australian mental health service. BMC Health Services Research, 19(1), 62.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Defining and Measuring Work Engagement: Bringing Clarity to The Concept. In A.B. Bakker & M.P. Leiter (eds). Work Engagement: A handbook of Essential Theory and Research. New York: Psychology Press.
Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (2008). Burnout: 35 years of research and practice. Career Development International, 14 (3), 204-220.
Schaufeli, Wilmar & Arnold Bakker. (2004). UWES, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale Preliminary Manual Version 1.1. Netherland: Occupational Health Psychology Unit Utrecht University
Sugiyono. (2008). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta
Susetyo, R.I. & Ratnaningsih, I. K. (2016). Persepsi Terhadap Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja dan Stres Kerja Pada Karyawan Bagian Produksi PT X di Bekasi. Jurnal Empati, Januari 2016, Volume 5(1), 55-59
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Vasilakeris, V. (2021). The Link Between Employee Engagement & Turnover Rate.(https://blog.mcquaig.com/employee-engagement-turnover/ diakses pada 23 Desember 2021)
Akdon. (2008). Aplikasi Statistika dan Metode Penelitian untuk Administrasi & Manajemen. Bandung: Dewa Ruchi.
Albrecht, S. L. (2010). Handbook of Employee Engagement: Perspectives, Issues, Research and Practice. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
As’ad, Moh, (2004). Psikologi Industri: Seri ilmu Sumber Daya Manusia, Penerbit Liberty, Yogyakarta
Bakker, A.B., Hakanen, J. J., Demerouti, E. (2005). How Dentist Cope Their Job Demands and Stay Engaged: The Moderating Role of Job Resources. Eroupean Journal of Oral Sciences, 133, 479-487.
Bakker, A. B., Evangelia, D., Toon, W. T., Wilmar, B. S., & Paul, J. (2003). A Multigroup Analysis of The Job Demands-Resources Model in Four Home Care Organizations. Internationa Journal of Stress Management, 10(1). 16-18.
Bakker, A. B, Demerouti, E. (2006). The Job Demands-Resources Model: State of The Art. Journal of Managerial Psychology. Volume 22, No. 3.
Bakker, A. B., & Evangelia, Demerouti. (2008). Towards a model of work engagement. Career Development International Vol.13, No.3, pp. 209-223.
Christianty, T. O. V. & Lucia T. W. (2016). Burnout ditinjau dari Employee Engagement pada karyawan. Jurnal Psikodimensia. Vol 15(2).
Davis, K. & Newstrom, J.W. (1997). Perilaku dalam Organisasi. Jilid 1. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Darmawan, A. A., Silviandari, I. A., & Susilawati, I. R. (2015). Hubungan Burnout dengan Work-Life Balance pada Dosen Wanita. Jurnal Mediapsi, 1 (1), 28-39.
Endres, G.M. & Mancheno-Smoak, L. (2008). The Human Resource Craze: Human Performance Improvement and Employee Engagement. Organizational Development Journal; Spring 26 (1).pp.69-78.
Faaroek, A. (2020). Pengaruh job demand terhadap turnover intention melalui burnout pada karyawan work from home. Forum Ilmiah Vol.17, No 3 September 2020,384-396
Ghozali, Imam. 2018. Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 25. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro: Semarang
Greenberg, J. , & Baron,R.A. (1993). Behavior In Organizations: Understanding And Managing The Human Side Of Work. USA: Allyn & Bacon
Greenberg. J. S. (2002). Comprehensive Stress Management. (7th Ed). United States: Mc Graw Hill Company Inc.
Hekayanti, K., & Yulianti, P. (2021). Pengaruh Work Demand dan Work Home Interference Terhadap Burnout pada Perawat Wanita RS. Jasa Kartini. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi), 5(2), 1377–1397. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.vol5.iss2.pp1377-1397.
Hussain, Nehal. & Khalid, K. (2011). Impact of Karasek Job Demand Control Model on The Job Satisfication of The Employees of Nadra. Interdisciplinary. Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business, 3, 5.
Hughes, Julia Christensen dan Evelina Rog. (2008). Talent Management, A Strategy for Improving Employee Recruitment, Retention, and Engegement within Hospitality Organization. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 20, No.7, pp.743-757.
Ivancevich, J. M. (2006). Perilaku dan manajemen organisasi edisi ke-7. Penerbit Erlangga.
Koesmono, H. T. (2007). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Tuntutan Tugas dan Career Plateau terhadap Stres Kerja, Komitmen Organisasi dan OCB Perawat Rumah Sakit Haji Surabaya. Jurnal Widya Manajemen dan Akuntansi, Vol.7 No.1 April 2007.
Lemeshow, (1997). Besar Sampel Dalam Penelitian Kesehatan, Yogyakarta, UGM
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W., & Leiter, M. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review Psychology, 52, 397-422..
Mathis, R.L. & H. Jackson. (2006). Human Resource Management: Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Terjemahan Dian Angelia. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Mathis, R. L. & H. Jackson, John. (2011). Human Resource Management (edisi 10). Jakarta : Salemba Empat.
Moorhead dan Griffin. (2013). Perilaku Organisasi. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Nugraha, S. J., Banani, A., & Anggraeni, A. I. (2018). Pengaruh Tuntutan Pekerjaan dan job resources. Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Akuntansi (JEBA).
Oktarina, A. N. (2017). Pengaruh Job Demand Pada Burnout dengan Job Resource dan Personal Resource sebagai Pemoderasi: Studi pada PT Kusumaputra Santosa Karanganyar.
Pangemanan et al. (2017). Pengaruh Work life balance dan Burnout Terhadap kepuasan kerja. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis. 5 (2).
Robbins, Stephen P & Judge, Timothy A. (2013). Organizational Behavior Edition 15. New Jersey: Pearson Education
Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology. Vol. 21 No. 7, 2006 pp. 600-619.
Sahaduta, B. Y., & Noermijati. (2012). Pengaruh Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) dan Work Overload Terhadap Job Stress Pada Karyawan PT. Bahari Utama Karya. Jurnal ekonomi.
Scanlan, J. N., & Still, M. (2019). Relationships between burnout, turnover intention, job satisfaction, job demands and job resources for mental health personnel in an Australian mental health service. BMC Health Services Research, 19(1), 62.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Defining and Measuring Work Engagement: Bringing Clarity to The Concept. In A.B. Bakker & M.P. Leiter (eds). Work Engagement: A handbook of Essential Theory and Research. New York: Psychology Press.
Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (2008). Burnout: 35 years of research and practice. Career Development International, 14 (3), 204-220.
Schaufeli, Wilmar & Arnold Bakker. (2004). UWES, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale Preliminary Manual Version 1.1. Netherland: Occupational Health Psychology Unit Utrecht University
Sugiyono. (2008). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta
Susetyo, R.I. & Ratnaningsih, I. K. (2016). Persepsi Terhadap Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja dan Stres Kerja Pada Karyawan Bagian Produksi PT X di Bekasi. Jurnal Empati, Januari 2016, Volume 5(1), 55-59
Syailendra, B., & Soetjipto, B. W., (2017). Improving Work Engagement of Gas Station Operator With The Role of Job Resource, Job Demand, and Job Satisfaction. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 15(2), 310-319. DOI:10.21776/ub.jam.2017.015.02.15.
Vasilakeris, V. (2021). The Link Between Employee Engagement & Turnover Rate.(https://blog.mcquaig.com/employee-engagement-turnover/ diakses pada 23 Desember 2021)
Published
2022-11-18
How to Cite
Tejo, J. H., & Wendra, W. (2022). GAMBARAN UMUM KONDISI PEKERJA ONLINE DI JABODETABEK. JMD : Jurnal Riset Manajemen & Bisnis Dewantara, 5(1), 9 - 24. https://doi.org/10.26533/jmd.v5i1.986
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